General Reptile Care and Rules
General Reptile Care and Rules
The "General Reptile Care and Rules" guide, featured within APES NED (National Exotics Database), serves as a comprehensive resource for anyone involved with reptiles and exotic species. This book provides essential information covering the full range of reptiles and other exotics, making it an indispensable reference for pet owners, adopters, rescue organizations, and animal care professionals alike.
Inside, you’ll find easy-to-follow guidelines on every aspect of responsible reptile care, including proper housing, nutrition, health checks, handling practices, and environmental enrichment. The guide also outlines core rules for ethical ownership, legal compliance, and animal welfare—empowering readers to support the wellbeing of each animal in their care.
Whether you are new to exotics or seeking to refresh your best practices, the "General Reptile Care and Rules" guide equips you with the knowledge and confidence needed to provide safe, healthy, and compassionate care for reptiles and other exotic species.
Housing
Proper housing is fundamental to the health and well-being of all reptiles kept within the care of the Association of Protecting Exotic Species CIC. This chapter provides detailed guidelines and calculations to ensure each reptile species is provided with an environment that promotes natural behaviors, effective thermoregulation, and optimal physical health.
UK Guide to Reptile Enclosure Sizes: General Rules, Metrics, and Species-Specific Recommendations
When it comes to providing suitable housing for reptiles in the UK, the welfare of the animal must always be the guiding principle. Enclosure size directly impacts a reptile’s physical health, natural behaviour, and psychological wellbeing. Below, we outline the general rules, metrics, and practical guidance for choosing and measuring reptile enclosures, including ranges for common species and breeds.
General UK Rule for Reptile Enclosure Size
The fundamental UK guideline is that a reptile must be able to fully stretch its body in any direction, move freely, and exercise normal behaviours without restriction. Enclosures that are too small can result in stress, stunted growth, and abnormal behaviour.
A widely accepted general rule for terrestrial reptiles is:
- The enclosure’s minimum length should be at least equal to the full adult length of the reptile (snout to tail).
- Enclosure width should be at least half, and ideally two-thirds, of the animal's length.
- Height is especially important for arboreal (tree-dwelling) species and must accommodate climbing and vertical movement.
For aquatic or semi-aquatic reptiles, such as turtles or crocodilians, water depth, swimming space, and accessible dry platforms must all be considered.
Key Metrics (Metametrics) for Ensuring Correct Enclosure Size
To ensure that a reptile’s enclosure is of adequate size, the following metrics should be applied:
1. Minimum Floor Area (Terrestrial species)
- Length × Width: For most reptiles, the enclosure’s minimum internal area = (Adult length of the reptile) × (two-thirds to equal adult length).
- Example: An adult bearded dragon (50cm) = enclosure of at least 120cm (L) × 60cm (W).
2. Minimum Height
- Ground-dwelling species: Height of at least 1x the animal's length, providing adequate substrate depth.
- Arboreal species: Height of 2-3 times the reptile’s full length to allow climbing and vertical movement.
3. Water-Dwelling Reptiles
- Enclosure size is based on both dry land area and water area.
- General recommendation: Minimum water area = 4x the animal’s length × 5x their length (see crocodilian requirements below).
4. Group Housing
- If housing more than one reptile, the minimum area for a single animal is calculated, with additional space added for each extra animal (commonly 10%+ for terrestrial, 20%+ for aquatic).
Common UK Enclosure Size Ranges by Species
Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps)
- Adult Size: 45–60cm (18-24")
- Recommended Enclosure: 120cm (L) x 60cm (W) x 60cm (H)
- Juveniles may be kept in smaller tanks, but upgrading is needed as they grow.
Leopard Gecko (Eublepharis macularius)
- Adult Size: 20–28cm (8-11")
- Recommended Enclosure: 90cm (L) x 45cm (W) x 45cm (H)
- For small groups, increase floor space proportionally.
Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus)
- Adult Size: 1.0–1.5m (39-60")
- Recommended Enclosure: 120cm (L) x 60cm (W) x 60cm (H)
- Snakes require secure, escape-proof lids and some vertical climbing space.
Royal Python (Ball Python, Python regius)
- Adult Size: 1.2–1.5m (47-60")
- Recommended Enclosure: 120cm (L) x 60cm (W) x 60cm (H)
- Additional hides and decor for security.
Crested Gecko (Correlophus ciliatus)
- Adult Size: 18–25cm (7–10")
- Recommended Enclosure: 45cm (L) x 45cm (W) x 60cm (H)
- Height prioritised over floor area due to arboreal habits.
Turtles and Tortoises
- Red-Eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans):
- Adult Size: 25–30cm (10–12")
- Recommended Enclosure: Water area at least 120cm (L) x 60cm (W) x water depth enough for full submersion, plus basking space.
- Hermann’s Tortoise (Testudo hermanni):
- Adult Size: 15–20cm (6-8")
- Recommended Enclosure: 150cm (L) x 75cm (W) outdoor pen preferred; indoor tortoise tables minimum 120cm (L) x 60cm (W).
Crocodilians
(as outlined in government guidance)
- Example (for two adults each 2m in length):
- Land area: 6m x 8m (48m²)
- Water area: 8m x 10m (80m²), minimum depth 0.6m
- Add 10% land/20% water for each extra animal
- In all cases, the enclosure must be sufficient for swimming, walking, and basking, with high-strength barriers for safety.
Measuring and Assessing Enclosure Sizes
- Internal Measurements Only: Exclude thickness of walls or decor; measure usable space.
- Regular Reviews: As reptiles grow or groups change, reassess enclosure size.
- Behaviour Checks: If the animal shows stress, lethargy, or abnormal behaviours, review enclosure provisions.
- Legal Compliance: Always check for additional requirements under the Animal Welfare Act, local authority Dangerous Wild Animal Licencing, or CITES if applicable.
Final Note
Providing the correct enclosure size and regularly reviewing husbandry will help ensure a reptile’s health, safety, and ability to thrive. When in doubt, bigger is almost always better for both welfare and enrichment.
For more detailed, species-specific guidance, refer to reputable sources, local rescue organisations, or ask your local authority's exotic species officer.